江苏高教

中国应用型高等教育在政府议程和公众议程双向耦合作用下经历了四次变革，即社会主义过渡时期的模式探索、改革开放背景下的形态确立、科教兴国战略背景下的规模扩张、创新驱动发展战略背景下的转型发展。当前，高校分类制度确立了应用型高校的主体性和应用性，但由于向上涌动的制度空间不足以及创新创业能力欠缺，中国应用型高校正陷入“向上漂移”和效仿性生产“过剩性能”的窘境。基于政策视角，造成窘境的根源在于政策伦理的宏观正义与个体取向的微观道德、制度合法性与行动合理性之间的张力不能有效平衡。在城市新型工业化和新型举国体制下，提升应用型高等教育质量和内涵的实践进路在于推进应用型高校新型改革。这一底层实践创新能否成功，关键在于能否有效弥合上述张力。其路径，一方面是“自下而上”的高校自主探索，另一方面是“自上而下”的顶层制度设计。

Under the dual coupling of government and public agendas, China's applied higher education has undergone four transformations, namely the exploration of models during the socialist transition period, the establishment of forms against the backdrop of reform and opening up, the expansion of scale under the strategy of revitalizing the country through science and education, and the transformation and development under the strategy of innovation-driven development. Currently, the classification system for universities has established the subjectivity and applicability of applied universities. However, due to insufficient institutional space for upward movement and a lack of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, China's applied universities are facing the dilemma of "upward drift" and "excess performance" in imitative production. From a policy perspective, the root cause of the predicament lies in the ineffective balance between the macro justice of policy ethics and the micro morality of individual orientation, as well as the tension between institutional legitimacy and action rationality. Under the new-type urban industrialization and new national system, the practical approach to improving the quality and connotation of applied higher education lies in promoting new reforms of applied universities. The success of this underlying practical innovation depends on whether it can effectively bridge the aforementioned tension. The path is twofold: on one hand, it involves autonomous exploration by universities from the bottom up, and on the other hand, it involves top-level institutional design from the top down.